Urinary glycosaminoglycans excretion and the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide in an experimental model of non-bacterial cystitis

PURPOSE: We reproduced a non-bacterial experimental model to assess bladder inflammation and urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAG) excretion and examined the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female rats were instilled with either protamine sulfate (PS groups) or sterile saline (control groups). At different days after the procedure, 24 h urine and bladder samples were obtained. Urinary levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAG) were determined. Also to evaluate the effect of DMSO animals were instilled with either 50 percent DMSO or saline 6 hours after PS instillation. To evaluate the effect of DMSO in healthy bladders, rats were instilled with 50 percent DMSO and controls with saline. RESULTS: In the PS groups, bladder inflammation was observed, with polymorphonuclear cells during the first days and lymphomononuclear in the last days. HA and S-GAG had 2 peaks of urinary excretion, at the 1st and 7th day after PS injection. DMSO significantly reduced bladder inflammation. In contrast, in healthy bladders, DMSO produced mild inflammation and an increase in urinary HA levels after 1 and 7 days and an increase of S-GAG level in 7 days. Animals instilled with PS and treated with DMSO had significantly reduced levels of urinary HA only at the 1st day. Urinary S-GAG/Cr levels were similar in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increased urinary levels of GAG were associated with bladder inflammation in a PS-induced cystitis model. DMSO significantly reduced the inflammatory process after urothelial injury. Conversely, this drug provoked mild inflammation in normal mucosa. DMSO treatment was shown to influence urinary HA excretion.

Uso racional de la ecuación heparina-protamina en cirugía con circulación extracorporea / Rational use of the heparin-protamine equation in surgery with extracoporeal circulation

El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la utilidad del cálculo del tiempo de coagulación activado para la dosificación y neutralización de heparina durante cirugía con circulación extracorpórea. Se midieron en forma prospectiva los volúmenes de sangrado en ml, en 30 pacienes sometidos a esta cirugía, sus parámetros fueron: 861, 33 ñ 87,4419 (X ñ ES). La comparación se realizó con un grupo histórico de 30 individuos cuyos datos fueron: 1286,66 ñ 127,2939 (X ñ ES). Se demostró diferencia altamente significativa utilizando análisis de varianza (F = 7,58; F0,01 = 7,10 para 1 y 58 grados de libertad) entre ambos métodos a favor del cálculo del tiempo de coagulación activado